Livejar

As in HTML, frames have a singular purpose in XHTML: to give you, the author, the ability to present to the user multiple documents at the same time. This can be done through two methods: fixed frames and floating frames.  Fixed frames allow you to divide the screen into regions; subsequently, you indicate which document displays in each region. To do this, you must first create the individ- ual document, then a frameset document that includes the code that details how to divide the window, and instructs the browser which document to display in which frame. Thus, you will be creating n+1 pages. n being the number of documents to be displayed; the plus-one document being the frameset document. So, to create a page that displays three documents, for example, you must create four documents, the three that will display, plus the frameset document. The other method of displaying multiple documents to use a floating frame. In this case you create a document as usual, then create a fl...

In the heyday of HTML, browsers were designed specifically to display the results of HTML code that they were given. Those browsers displayed HTML through a set of hard-coded rules: for example, “at the appearance of <p>, skip a line and continue dis- playing the content.” Rules such as these allowed HTMLauthors to take “legal” short- cuts—or, more accurately, to write plain, sloppy code. According to the rule just stated, there is no need to close a paragraph using </p> as long as the next one starts with <p>—the rule will work and the content will be displayed properly. This is not the case with XML—and remember, XHTML is an XML language.  XML documents are parsed before being displayed. Since XML languages can contain ele- ments and attributes that the browser may not already be familiar with, all elements and attributes must be checked before being displayed. An XML parser does this checking; it checks to make sure that the document is well formed. (...

In 1996, at the height of the browser wars, the W3C had also begun working on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), a separate project from HTML, but one whose background is important to understanding XHTML, a combination of XML and HTML, and more importantly, the subject of this book. When the XML project began, the aforementioned SGML, a complex method of structuring text for later processing, was being used primarily for very large projects— those involving millions of pages of documents. Recall that HTML at this time was a severely limited way of formatting documents for transport over the Internet and for display via a Web browser. The W3C’s objective in developing XML was to create a markup language that had the power, but not the complexity, of SGML. Defining XML The following excerpt from “XML in 10 points” (located at www.w3.org/XML/1999/ XML-in-10-points) defines the parameters of XML: XML is a method for putting structured data in a text file. For “structured d...

Web development is a broad term for the work involved in developing a web site for the Internet (World Wide Web) or an intranet (a private network). This can include web design , web content development, client liaison, client-side/server-side scripting, web server and network security configuration, and e-commerce development. However, among web professionals, "web development" usually refers to the main non-design aspects of building web sites: writing markup and coding. Web development can range from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most complex web-based internet applications, electronic businesses, or social network services. For larger organizations and businesses, web development teams can consist of hundreds of people (web developers). Smaller organizations may only require a single permanent or contracting webmaster, or secondary assignment to related job positions such as a graphic designer and/or information systems technic...

Web design is a broad term covering many different skills and disciplines that are used in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include; web graphic design, interface design, authoring; including standardised code and proprietary software, user experience design and search engine optimization. Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all. The term web design is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end (client side) design of a website including writing mark up, but this is a grey area as this is also covered by web development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and if their role involves creating mark up then they are also expected to be up to date with web accessibility guidelines. The start of the web and web design In 1989, whilst working at CERN Tim Berners-Lee proposed to crea...

Paradigm(s) multi-paradigm: object-oriented, structured, imperative, generic, reflective Appeared in 1995 Designed by James Gosling and Sun Microsystems Developer Oracle Corporation Stable release Java Standard Edition 7 Update 5 (1.7.5) (June 12, 2012 ; 35 days ago ) Typing discipline Static, strong, safe, nominative, manifest Major implementations OpenJDK, many others Dialects Generic Java, Pizza Influenced by Ada 83, C++, C#, Eiffel, Generic Java, Mesa, Modula-3 , Oberon, Objective-C, UCSD Pascal, Smalltalk Influenced Ada 2005, BeanShell, C#, Clojure, D, ECMAScript, Groovy, J#, JavaScript, PHP , Python , Scala, Seed7, Vala OS Cross-platform (multi-platform) License GNU General Public License, Java Community Process Usual filename extensions .java, .class, .jar Website For Java Developers Java Programming at Wikibooks Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which ha...

HTML+/3.0 In 1993 and 1996, respectively, HTML + and HTML 3.0 were both submitted to the W3C. Both were proposals to extend the current HTML 2.0 standard. Though neither was given final approval as a standard, they marked the earliest appearances of some of the future features included as part of the HTML standards. Some of these features Setting the Stage 5 became part of the next standard, such as tables; others did not, such as the <fig> element, implemented to create figures (images with captions). During this time period (1993–1996), the “browser wars” heated up. Netscape’s Navigator had become the dominant browser; based on NCSA’s Mosaic, it would quickly replace its predecessor. Quick on Navigator’s heels, Microsoft released Internet Explorer. In the effort by these two companies to capture market share, each began to offer newer and better features aimed at the HTML author. Each added support for features not in HTML 2.0; some of these worked in both browsers, o...

The Hypertext Markup Language ( HTML ) was the brainchild of Tim Berners-Lee, a particle physicist at the Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN) laboratories in Switzerland. At CERN in the late 1980s, Berners-Lee recognized that he needed to access a significant number of electronic documents on a regular basis; moreover, many of these documents referenced other documents. Berners-Lee was familiar with the Standardized General Markup Language (SGML), a method for coding the structure of electronic documents, which had been around since the early 1980s, but knew that it was too complex for what he wanted to do: code and link his documents. He wanted a system that would allow for the simple coding of such documents, a way to transfer those documents through their networks, and the capability to link documents. Berners-Lee developed HTML to code the documents and the HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP) for moving those documents. His system was launched by CERN in 1991. ...